TR-9000 frequency problem

Ran into a weird issue the other day on my TR-9000 when turning it on after a long time of being powered down. My band limits were set to 143.800-145.999. Seemed like the lower edge in the United States zone with the higher edge set to the Japan zone. Very weird. Found a PDF talking about mods on boxspringsonline.com though. One of which told how to modify the band limits and step size of the radio. Turns out, when power is applied to the radio, that is when it sets the limits. It's not when you turn the power switch on.

I had accidentally powered off my bench power supply when working in here one day for a short time. It must have been then when this funkiness happened. All I had to do to fix it was turn off the power supply and count out 5 seconds or so. Once I turned it back on and turned the radio on, I had the normal USA band limits of 143.800-148.995.

Don't ask me why that's the band limit. Every other radio I've ever owned has the usual 144-148Mhz. Obviously with those radios if you transmit right up against the limit you are going to have signal outside of the allowed frequencies. I guess Kenwood just trusted people to be honest?

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Packet Hailing Channel

Hailing frequencies open captain!


http://nwdigitalradio.com/products/

Kidding, good talk. Skip a few minutes in to avoid an intro. I was skeptical of the UDR56k when it was first announced. When you can get converted wifi modules that can do several megabits in Ham Radio bands, 56K seemed a little slow, and pricy. I guess compared to the common 1200 baud equipment, it's super-fast though. $400 has always seemed a bit much for me.

It's probably a good price though. I'm not sure what it costs to produce but it's probably what the market can bear and there are a fair number of Hams out there with big enough toy budgets to afford to buy these. At least they're not $1000 COUGHICOMCOUGH

eBay has a number of listings for wireless modules for Arduinos listed. There are NRF24 (2.4ghz) modules, and 2.4ghz bluetooth modules and modules based on the TI C1100 and similar chips that can do 440 or 900mhz bands for very inexpensive. Obviously it's a completely different purpose than something like the UDR56K. But could be interesting for some short range modes. I wouldn't be surprised to see an APRS mode one day.


http://www.aprs.org/aprs-rfid.html
This is a little old at this point but first I've heard of it.
Using RFID tags to beacon on APRS when participating hams are in areas with the proper equipment.
It could be handy to use to keep track of people inside of a large building, or see when people are in
the club radio station. Tags are really cheap and readers can be very cheap too. (At least, assuming
the readers I have seen for $10 are compatible with the tags you buy into)

I'll try to post other talks I find interesting. I seem to be getting hit with a deluge of them lately.

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TM-241a Remote Control commands

I made a pretty nifty discovery the other night. While I had zero luck trying to talk to my TM-241a with only my Bus Pirate... It can talk to it when I am piggybacking on the RC-10 I bought. There's one other variable here that I don't know if it changed anything or not... I updated the flash on the Bus Pirate since I was working on scanning for codes earlier in the year. I'm not entirely sure if the original firmware was running a serial clock on data out or not. That is absolutely essential for the radio to pay any attention to what you are saying.

Bus Pirate runs at 3.3v but can tolerate 5v logic, measurements seem to suggest to me that the radio uses 5v logic but then again, the measurements I've made were with the Bus Pirate and not a DMM.

Looks like the RC-10 brings RD (pin 6) to logic 1 (low) for about 250ms when the radio first turns on. I'm thinking that must be how it is telling the radio it is there. What I don't know is how the clock works. It doesn't run all the time, only when data is being sent or received. Also, when you adjust a control on the radio itself, it sends the data out on it's own. I'm thinking that the clock is run by whichever device has data to send. It also looks like the RC-10 sends 0xFF for each byte that the radio sends out. Maybe an acknowledgement signal of some sort?

Still working on the list of commands. Found a fair few sniffing the TX from the RC-10, but found even more after I separated those into groups and then sent the missing values from the groups. Seems like only 6 bits matter out of the bytes. There are two commands, VOL UP and VOL DWN, which use 2 bytes. 0x3C B0/0xBC 0xB0. I still haven't mastered these because they seem to continue to affect the volume after I send them. It either maxes out, or drops to 0. Only if the radio is told to use the remote unit's volume control instead of it's own. If it is, it's own volume control no longer does anything until a command is sent to re-enable it.

My progress is a bit hindered by the fact that my unit has the infamous LCD problem. It's full of garbled junk, and most of the time the elements are all faded out. Completely useless, but sometimes it works. Sometimes I can apply pressure and it works. I need to open it up and reseat the cable but I just haven't done it yet.

Ordered some parts on Ebay to make a sort of breakout box. Got some header pins, a jack that can accept a mic plug, and some other things like jumpers. I already have some perfboard with traces on it. I'll make it so I can plug my Bus Pirate into that and quickly disconnect the RC-10 to test things without it helping me. One of my major goals with this project is to make something standalone that can be used without a RC-10/RC-20 unit helping. It'll probably be a month before all of the stuff arrives though.

There are a couple of things I'd like to discover. I've found some things out already, and have a lot of buttons mapped but I can't completely replace direct control with an RC unit just yet. Some functions haven't been discovered yet. One other thing bugs me... When I first started working on this and didn't know what the protocol was I tried several other things with my Bus Pirate, one of which was I2C. Using the scan mode, I was hoping to discover if it was I2C and if so, what address. Somehow I accidentally overwrote the first couple memories in the radio with completely junk data. I may have blogged about that once actually, it's stuff that is impossible to enter in even with a keypad. I'm thinking there must be some mode to directly communicate and control the memory contents. I'd love to figure out how.

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MSP430 Morse Code

 Just a small project I worked on this past weekend 8/24-8/25. I have several of these cheap MSP430 Launchpad dev kits from TI. What a deal they are too, $4.30 each. I intended on configuring it to further my Kenwood TM241a project, but got sidetracked and made a program to send my callsign in Morse Code. I ended up using Energia, which is a port of the Arduino IDE but this one makes MSP430 programs. It seems most of the same commands are supported, but not all.

I really need to get setup to program in C or even try my hand at ASM. I tried ASM on the PIC microcontrollers a couple of years ago but gave up on it fairly quick. Maybe I'd do better now? I'm not sure the Wiring language would produce code fast enough to bit bang 1200 baud serial with a clock.

Code for my project is below. It would be fairly easy to modify this to make a beacon, or foxhunting cpu, or even an ID for a repeater or standalone rig. If you do something with it, I'd appreciate a link back to my radio blog, n9xlc.blogspot.com and maybe drop me a line to let me know. I'd probably write an entry about it and link to your site.

It's not technically hard to add other characters and I think it's fairly self-explanatory. I'm not 100% happy with using the IF statements to cycle through the letters. I'd be happier with an array and a For loop with an index number but this works. I tried to set up a constant type like an UIntTable to store the characters, but I only received error messages when I tried to use that. It may not be fully supported in Energia yet, or probably I didn't fully understand it.

I know I'm not the first person to do this by a long shot, but it was a fun challenge and it did help me familiarize myself somewhat in Energia, maybe next time I'll rewrite this in C? I see there are videos of others who have written Morse Code projects for the MSP430 on Youtube with a little more pizzazz than mine, such as audio out and a serial terminal for input.

/*
James Hall - N9XLC
Small program to push out my callsign via the red LED on a MSP430 board.
Developed 8/24/2012-8/25/2012

Started off modifying, then totally replacing the code in the 'Blink' example project.
This could probably be wrapped up in a function to send out arbitrary sentences.
Only enough morse code is implemented to get my callsign out, but it would be trivial to add the rest.
Could be used to blink out current temp or maybe short status info in morse code in other projects.

 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BitMask
 http://wiring.org.co/reference/bitwiseAND.html
 http://wiring.org.co/reference/bitwisebitshiftleft.html
 */
 #define output 2 // pin 2 has the red led on a msp430 board, pin 14 is the green led.
 
unsigned int mask = 1;
int dot = 1;
int dash = 3; //dash is equal to 3 dots
int lspace = 1; //spacing in same letter is 1 dot
int llspace = 3; //spacing between two letters in same word is 3 dots
int wspace = 7; //spacing between two words is 7 dots.

int didot = 2;
int didash = 3;
int spacems = 100; //100ms is a little slower than 20wpm (60ms) so maybe 13-15wpm?
// 10 dot, 11 dash, 00 end
// unsigned int is 16 bits
unsigned int cwN = 11; //0000 0000 0000 1011 <-read right-to-left
unsigned int cw9 = 767; //0000 0010 1111 1111
unsigned int cwX = 235; //0000 0000 1110 1011
unsigned int cwL = 174; //0000 0000 1010 1110
unsigned int cwC = 187; //0000 0000 1011 1011
byte testbyte;
  
void setup() {                
  // initialize the digital pin as an output.
  // Pin 14 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards:
  pinMode(output, OUTPUT);     
  pinMode(14, OUTPUT);
 // pinMode(5, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(14, LOW);
  digitalWrite(output, LOW);
  unsigned int cwout;
  unsigned int mask = 3;
  int callsign = 1;
  
while(callsign) {
 if (callsign == 1) {cwout = cwN;}
 if (callsign == 2) {cwout = cw9;}
 if (callsign == 3) {cwout = cwX;}
 if (callsign == 4) {cwout = cwL;}
 if (callsign == 5) {cwout = cwC; callsign = 0;}
 callsign++;

    while (cwout) {
     testbyte = cwout & mask;
       if (testbyte == 2 ) {
          digitalWrite(output, HIGH);
          delay(dot * spacems);
          digitalWrite(output, LOW);
         } 
           if (testbyte == 3 ) {
            digitalWrite(output, HIGH);
            delay(dash * spacems);
            digitalWrite(output, LOW);
           }
       delay(spacems * dot); //inner letter spacing 
    
     cwout >>= 2; 
    }
 delay (spacems * dash); //outer letter spacing

}

delay (spacems * wspace); //word spacing
}

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Modding old radios

I'm kind of curious if there's any activity around modifying older radios. I have a couple of HTX-202's that I'm eyeing for some work one day. My favorite one is actually the first Ham Radio I ever owned, it was new in box from Radio Shack circa 1993/1994. Probably 1994, but I'm not sure how long I had it before I officially had my ticket. The other one is a Hamvention special some guy in the flea market was apparently desperate to get rid of.

My original is exhibiting the ER-1 code, for a dead/dying memory backup battery. The Hamvention one has some weird squelch problem where it won't always open squelch when it receives a signal. It also had ER-2 when I first turned it on, but that was easily cleared. It also is in seriously bad need of being disassembled so I can spit and polish the case some. This Hamvention 202 was really beat up in it's former life.

According to the service manual, these radios are split up into two main PCBs, an RF board and a CPU board. I wonder if I can figure out how to control the RF board with a homebrew CPU board. Then flash, or some other non-volatile memory could be used to store the programming. Other features could be added as well. DCS maybe?

I remember finding a page about EF Johnson radios for 900mhz where someone made an external control system for one that made it frequency agile. Of course, now that I want to link to it, it's nowhere to be found.

Here are a couple of relevant links but talking about FRS radios:
http://w9hq.blogspot.com/2011/02/hacking-cobra-microtalk-frs-radios.html
http://ratnethome.blogspot.com/2011/11/hacking-frs-walkie-talkies.html

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TP-Link TL-WR703N

I know this isn't strictly Ham Radio but it could be useful for HSMM.

These units are around $24 on ebay, shipped from China.

Found this on Hackaday not too long ago. Basically this device is meant to be a little 3g travel router. You can plug in a 3g USB adapter and share that Internet connection to multiple devices over wifi. It also supports ethernet. Of course, the unit I bought had a Chinese GUI so that might have been a bit hard.

Fortunately, OpenWRT has been ported to this. Here are the instructions to install it: http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/tp-link/tl-wr703n

You are looking for squashfs-factory.bin. I wish I could remember where I read how to flash this with the Chinese GUI. Here's where you need to go. Login to the GUI at 192.168.1.1 with admin/admin as username and password. Then on the left-hand side, scroll to the bottom and pick the last link. Then when the sub-menu appears, pick the 3rd link down. There's a long textbox area with a button next to it, if you click that button then you can pick the image you want to flash it with. Then click the other button on the screen to start the flash. It will take several minutes. Once it is done you won't get a webpage back. Plug into the unit with an ethernet cable and then telnet to the default IP address of 192.168.1.1 and set a password for root. Once you do that it automatically disables telnet and enables ssh. You can still use telnet until you log out though.

Here are some links that I'm reading about this so far:
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/firstlogin
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/basic.config
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/wireless
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/internet.connection
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/clientmode#problem.using.standard.client.mode

You can install a web interface again, I haven't made mine work since I got it installed yet. I will be making another blog post on this. It defaults to Access Point mode when it first comes back up. I set mine up to run in client mode connected to my existing Wifi in order to give it access to the Internet so I could download packages on it.

There are people tapping into the GPIO (general purpose input/output) lines built into this device. So for $24 you can get a 400mhz linux computer, with Ethernet, Wifi and USB ports and several GPIO that is about the size of a new package of Post-It notes. It also uses only about 100ma as well. Beyond HSMM, this could also be handy for use in remotely controlling radios, maybe with a usb sound card you could even do something like echolink on it.

I hope to read about what others are doing with it. My focus is more on using it to setup home automation sort of things. I'm waiting on some solid-state relays and I plan on using one to control the lights in my garage, as well as giving me a real-time readout of the garage door's status.

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Alinco DX-SDR

Not my video

Alinco is bringing out a new HF radio that uses SDR technology. I have received a brochure in PDF form (not posted here due to not knowing if I'm allowed) with a few details on it, subject to change. It appears to be a 10-160 all-mode radio. According to the above video it doesn't come with a head but you will be able to get one for it. It is meant to plug into a PC which will be running SDR software, I'm guessing much like the Flexradios do?

• TX 10-160m
• RX .15-30Mhz looks like
• FM/SSB/CW 100W
• AM 40W
• looks like SDR bandwidth is either 15khz or 20.5khz? Very odd.

The specs say the receiver is a double conversion superhet and lists modulation methods for the transmitter side. This is very confusing to me because I expect SDRs to have direct conversion receivers. It may be that the radio is fairly conventional and the SDR is an IF type. There is an SDR entry in their table with the associated text being "3rd IQ", I suppose that could be a typo and really mean "3rd IF". One bullet point says that the receive and transmit audio is through the PC's mic/speakers. But then the table lists SSB as balanced modulation and FM as DSP modulated. I would hope the TX could be modulated by the SDR software on the computer but time will tell.

No indication has been made to me at this time on how the radio connects to the PC. I would hope that one USB cable is all you would need for CAT control and also an audio device for the IQ TX/RX to the computer so people could use their usual soundcard device for the TX/RX audio. This would also reduce the necessary cabling which is always a positive thing. Plus you could add a small single-board-computer such as the Raspberry Pi to enable such a device for Ethernet and then find new applications for it. Mount the radio remotely at the antenna to minimize line losses. Stick it on a mountain, establish a wifi link and allow shared access with your Amateur Radio Club. Network it and operate from anywhere in your house or property with wifi or ethernet connections.

As said earlier, I believe a head is going to be released that will allow standalone operation without a PC. 

This, along with Yaesu's new digital HT, seems to be the start of exciting times in Ham Radio. It's a good sign if more manufacturers are going to enter the marketplace with products based on these non-traditional technologies.

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